TRA-NZ RULE BOOK 2007/08

 

Download the Rule Book as a WORD doc

 

THUNDERCAT RACING ASSOCIATION OF

NEW ZEALAND (INCORPORATED)

 

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THUNDERCAT RACING

SEASON 2007 - 2008

 

 

 

FOREWORD

It is clearly not possible to cater for every possible contention in a set of written rules. These rules set out the defined basis for determining a dispute. The determination of a protest will lie in the hands of the race jury and finally with the National Authority. What we are trying to achieve is a fair set of practices. Our intention is to maintain the sport as a standard class following safety, modifications and repairs. We want competitors to know that they are taking on the opposition with an equal chance of winning.

They all came home!

 

 

Also included in this booklet are some extracts from the UIM and the NZPBF rules applicable to inflatable boat racing.

 

 

TRA-NZ requires drivers and co-drivers to know and understand the rules of the sport. There is no allowance for ignorance and “unwitting” infringements conferred upon the participants. Minimum penalties of being de-classified or disqualified for the heat/event will apply. The driver & co-driver are responsible for the condition of their equipment as raced. Errors on the part of the manufacturer, technician or a previous owner do not justify non-conformity with the rules and cannot be accepted as an excuse.

 

 

TRA-NZ, NZPBF and UIM or any sporting body frowns on disputes taken to court. It is believed that this is not sportsmanlike because no sporting body has any prejudices. Please accept and abide by the decision taken by the controlling bodies.

 

 

NOTE: Should there be a discrepancy between the rules of TRA-NZ and those of the NZPBF and the UIM, the rules of TRA-NZ will take preference.

 

 

MISSION STATEMENT

 

TRA-NZ encourages members to participate in, and promote the sport of “Inflatable Boat Racing” hereinafter called “Thundercat Racing” and TRA-NZ requests the Thundercat Racing Rules are based on the following guidelines:  Members are encouraged to take ownership of the Thundercat Racing Rules.

 

1)  Fun.

2)  Safety.

3)  Lowest cost as feasible to get into racing and to continue racing.

4)  Competitive racing.

5)  Ease of putting together a race boat and team.

6)  A large selection of commercially available motors and boats to race competitively.

7)  Use of the boat for social occasions as well as for racing.

 

 

There shall be two classes referred to as the “Bandit” and “S-750”, the later of which shall emphasize entry participation.

 

These rules are to be interpreted on the intent of the rule not literally.

 

The following rules have been amended and accepted as the Thundercat Racing Rules. These rules apply to all inflatable boat races run under the auspices of the Thundercat Racing Association of New Zealand. Any queries as to the interpretation of these rules must be addressed to the Secretary of TRA-NZ

 

 

TECHNICAL REP / ENGINE SEALING OFFICAL

Cameron Adshead

David Davis

Jason Prescott

 

 

RACE LICENCE EXAMINERS

To be Advised

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

2007 NATIONAL RACE CALENDAR & 2007/8 CLUB EVENTS

 

GROUP 100

101   RACING LICENCES

102   LICENCE CLASS & GRADINGS

103   OBTAINING A PROVISIONAL LICENCE & RELEVANT RESTRICTIONS

104   FULL LICENCE (A-Grade)

105   RESTRICTED FULL LICENCE (RA-Grade)

106   DAY LICENCES

107   BOAT REGISTRATION

108   SPONSORSHIP

 

GROUP 200

201   HELMETS

202   LIFEJACKETS

203   EYE WEAR

204   SAFETY EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR RACE BOATS

205   PENALTIES FOR LACK OR LOSS OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT

206   BOAT EXAMINATION

207   FLAGS

208   STOPPED RACES

209   MARSHAL BOATS

 

GROUP 300

301   FUEL

302   SPECIALTY FUELS & ADDITIVES

303   FUEL TANK 

304   NOMINATED FUEL SUPPY

 

GROUP 400

401   PROPELLER GUARD

        

GROUP 500

501   CLASSES

502   HULL

503   PROPELLERS

504   MOTOR - GENERAL FOR ALL CLASSES

 

506   MOTOR  “S-750” CLASS

507   MOTOR  “BANDIT” CLASS

508   REPLACEMENT BOATS & MOTORS

509   SEALING OF MOTORS

 

 

 

GROUP 600

601   RACE RULES - GENERAL

602   WET WATER RULE

603   SURF-CROSS & SPEED-CIRCUIT RACING - GENERAL

604   SURF-CROSS & SPEED-CIRCUIT RACING - SHORE START

605   SURF-CROSS RACING - FINISH

606   SPEED-CIRCUIT RACING - FINISH

607   SURF-CROSS RACING - RE-STARTS

608   SPEED-CIRCUIT RACING - RE_STARTS

609   RE-START - DEEP WATER ROLLING

610   RE-START - INSHORE ROLLING

611   LONGHAUL RACING - GENERAL

612   TECHNICAL FINISHES

 

GROUP 700

701   GENERAL

702   POINTS SYSTEM

703   SEEDING OF COMPETITORS

704   CLUB POINTS

705   THE ROOKIE OF THE YEAR TROPHY

706   ENTRY FEES & TRA-NZ ENTRY FEE LEVY

707   REFUELLING

708   FLUSHING OF MOTORS

709   THUNDERCAT RACE RULE CHANGES

 

GROUP 800

801   RACE INFRINGEMENT PROTESTS

802   DETERMINATION OF RACE INFRINGEMENT PROTESTS

803   TECHNICAL PROTESTS

804   DETERMINATION OF TECHNICAL PROTESTS

805   OBSERVERS TO TECHNICAL INSPECTIONS

806   TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS – MOVED TO 504/507

 

GROUP 900

901   DRUGS & ALCOHOL

 

APPENDIX A

STANDARD COURSE FOR SURF-CROSS

 

APPENDIX B

STANDARD COURSE FOR SPEED-CIRCUIT

 

APPENDIX C

PROPELLER GUARD SPECIFICATIONS

 

NOTES

 

NATIONAL RACE CALENDAR/CLUB EVENTS

 

 SCHEDULED EVENTS – CLUB DAYS  2007/8

 

SEE WEB SITE    WWW.thundercatracing.co.nz

 

 

 

 

 

GROUP 100

 

Race Examiners are to be appointed by the Executive prior to the first race meeting of the new season.

 

101    RACING LICENCES

 

101.01

All drivers and co-drivers must be in possession of a current racing license issued by the TRA-NZ with the indemnity form signed. The TRA-NZ Secretary will issue all licenses. The license application indemnity form and the medical declaration form are to be renewed annually. Minimum age for holding a racing license shall be fifteen (15) years. Any competitor being a minor under twenty (20) years of age must have their license application indemnity form countersigned by a parent or guardian.

 

101.02

All Racing License applicants must be members of the TRA-NZ.

 

102   LICENCE CLASS & GRADINGS

 

102.01

There are two classes of license: Driver License, and Co-driver License. A member holding both classes of license shall only be required to pay the one license fee.

 

102.02

Both driver and co-driver licenses are graded: - B-grade (Provisional License), or A-grade (Full License). Members not wishing to compete in National or Titled Surf-cross events may be issued a RA-grade (Restricted Full License).

 

 

 

103 OBTAINING A PROVISIONAL LICENCE & RELEVANT RESTRICTIONS

 

103.01

Applications for a racing license are to be made on the official form, which can be obtained from the TRA-NZ Secretary and other approved outlets. The application form must be completed and signed by the applicant who must be a member of the TRA-NZ and have attained the age of 15 years. If applicant is under the age of 20 years the application must also be countersigned by a parent or guardian. The application is to be witnessed by an adult who is not related to the applicant. All applications are to be returned to the TRA-NZ Secretary.

 

103.02

The applicant will be tested by an appointed examiner with a random 20 point verbal questionnaire based on the Thundercat Racing Rules as well as 5 questions on local boating laws with particular attention to speed restrictions and minimum distances to other members of the public. The applicant must achieve a minimum passing result of 80% on the 25 questions.

 

103.03

After the applicant has satisfied the examiner of his/her knowledge with the above, the applicant must then be observed driving, or where applicable, co-driving a race boat around a properly laid short course, before being issued a provisional license (B-grade License).

 

103.04

A Provisional license holder will not be entitled to compete in a National or Titled Event without obtaining an exemption from the TRA-NZ.

 

103.05

Each time a provisional license holder completes a race or heat and shows competence, they should have the Race Director (RD) of the day validate their provisional license as proof of their participation in the event. The onus is on the provisional license holder to ensure this is done.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

104   FULL LICENCE (A-grade)

 

104.01

Provisional license holders who have completed a minimum of four (4), TRA-NZ approved events, three (3) of which must have been Surf-cross events, and had them validated by the Race Director (RD), may then apply to the TRA-NZ Secretary to have their license upgraded to a Full License (A-grade).

 

104.02

An A-grade driver or co-driver that has missed one full season of racing must reapply as per 103.01 (fill in the required form).  On payment of the required fees they will be assessed by a TRANZ approved Race Director who will ascertain their competence and reissue their A Grade license where appropriate.

 

105   RESTRICTED FULL LICENCE (RA-grade)

 

105.01

Provisional license holders who have completed a minimum of four (4), TRA-NZ approved events, and had them validated by the Race Director (RD), may then apply to the TRA-NZ Secretary to have their license upgraded to a Restricted Full License (RA-grade).

 

105.02

An RA-grade driver or co-driver may compete in a National or Titled Speed-circuit or Longhaul event, but not in a National or Titled Surf-cross event without first obtaining an exemption from TRA-NZ.

 

105.03

An RA-grade driver or co-driver that has missed one full season of racing will have to re-qualify under Rule 103.

 

106   DAY LICENCES

 

106.01

Persons wishing to race on the day and who do not hold a current license may at the discretion of the RD complete a one day racing license application and indemnity form and pay the prescribed license fee. All one-day license holders must receive a special briefing from the RD.

 

 

 

106.02

Day licenses are not valid for National or Titled Events without an exemption from TRA-NZ.

 

106.03

Only three Day licences will be allowed per person at a cost of $30 per day.

 

107   BOAT REGISTRATION

 

107.01

Only boats registered with TRA-NZ can participate in Thundercat Racing events.  New competitors must obtain a one off temporary registration at scrutineering.

 

107.02

Application forms for boat registration and membership can be obtained from the TRA-NZ Secretary, and other approved outlets. Applications for registration of boats must be made annually and are to be presented to the TRA-NZ Secretary.

 

107.03

Upon receipt of the properly executed application for registration and membership, the TRA-NZ shall assign said racing number and boat name, or inform the applicant of the lack of availability of that number and/or name, and issue an alternative.

 

107.04

All boats are required to display Thundercat Racing decals, which are available from the TRA-NZ.

 

107.05

Race boats must carry a boat name selected by the owner, but such name shall be subject to the approval of the TRA-NZ. Should such approval be withheld and until such time as such approval is forthcoming, that boat shall be ineligible to compete in any sanctioned event until cleared by the TRA-NZ.

 

107.06

It will be the responsibility of the member requesting any name to ensure they have the legal right to the use of any name they may request.

 

 

107.07

The assignment of a racing number and boat name in no way guarantees the boat is qualified in any specific class. Technical specifications to determine class as set out in these rules will determine that qualification.

 

107.08

Numbers must be affixed to both sides of the motor cowl, in a way that is readily visible by officials and spectators. Their colour will be black letters on a white background for S-750 class and yellow letters on a black background for Bandit class. The letter and numbers shall be not less than 10cm high x 20cm with a 2cm border. No other number can be shown or displayed that may be confused as being a boat registration number.

 

107.09

The registered name is to be affixed on both sides of the boat in such colours, style and position, so as to be able to be read clearly from the shoreline by officials and spectators. Boats competing at National or Titled events must be sign written.

 

107.10

Team Race Rule

Once a team has a registered name no other team or boat can be registered with the same boat name. Team boats must have a distinguishing ID to satisfy Race Officials.

 

107.11

Registered racing numbers and boat names will be reserved in the name of the person who registered them for as long as the registration is current. Racing numbers and boat names not re-registered will be deleted and may be re-allocated.

 

107.12

The boat trailer must bear a www.thundercatracing.com sticker and the Boat’s Name in a conspicuous position. The height of the lettering must be at least 50mm high and written on a vertical flat surface facing forward.

 

107.13

Race numbers 1-10 in S-750 class and 1-5 in Bandit class will be reserved for NZ Championship placings each season.  Members original numbers will not be reallocated.

 

107.14

Bandit boats must display their respective class on both sides of the motor cowl.

 

108   SPONSORSHIP

 

108.01

Sponsoring of boats, competitors and racing teams is encouraged. Sponsorship is open and will be market driven.

 

108.02

Competitors must supply details of their sponsors.

 

 

108.03

Sponsors will be considered as team members and as such must conform to the Thundercat Race Rules where they apply.

 

108.04

Sponsor’s tents, banners and other promotional equipment before being placed at a venue must first have the approval of the organizers or Race Director.

 

108.05

Event Promoters or sponsors of events may request that boats have signs attached as a condition of entry into certain events. The ‘bow windows’ are to be reserved for that purpose and made available when requested. Rule 502.16.

 

GROUP 200

 

201   HELMETS

 

201.01

The wearing of helmets is compulsory for all drivers and co-drivers for all racing.

 

201.02

Helmets must be open-faced or full-face motorbike type helmets, which protect the base of the skull and cover the ears. The colour of which must be at least 75% Standox Fluorescent Orange 2005 - STN 75229, Day Glow Orange or Aircraft Recognition Red..

 

201.03

All helmets must meet the standards approved by the Land Transport Safety Authority (ECE 22 or AS-NZS 1698) or be approved by TRA-NZ.

 

201.04

Helmets that are not full-face must have an approved guard fitted to protect the mouth and chin area.

 

201.05

Approved visors are optional.

 

202   LIFEJACKET & PFD (Personal Floatation Device)

 

202.01

The wearing of lifejackets is compulsory for all Drivers, Co-drivers, and Marshal Boat and Starting Boat personnel for Long-haul & Surf-haul events.

 

202.02

All life jackets used by Thundercat Racing drivers and co-drivers must have leg or crutch straps fitted, or a nappy.

 

202.03

All life jackets worn by competitors must have a neck collar, and show the manufacturers label/stamp specifying the maximum buoyancy capacity. A competitor must be within the range specification stated.

 

202.04

Buoyancy vests PDF may be used in any Surf-cross event provided they are manufactured to meet the NZ Standard 5823/2005 or approved equivalent.

 

202.05

Clothing that absorbs water and reduces buoyancy is not allowed. IE. Jeans, coats, shirts, polo fleece, shoes etc.

 

202.06

The use of wetsuits, spring suits, booties, rash vests, board shorts and additional flotation devices are recommended.  

 

 

 

 

203   EYE WEAR

 

In both Surf-cross and Speed-circuit racing, both the driver and co-driver may wear eye protection. This protection may take the form of glasses, goggles or a helmet visor.

 

204   SAFETY EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR RACE BOATS

 

204.01

All boats must carry or be fitted with the following safety equipment at all times during Surf-cross, Speed-circuit, and sheltered long-haul events, and where practical have each item marked with the boats race number:

One (1) designated righting rope. Rule 502.13.

One (1) designated bowline. Rule 502.14.

Two (2) kill switch keys, one of which must have a lanyard. Rule 504.09

A Propeller Guard. NOTE: The Propeller Guard will not be mandatory for Speed-circuit events unless specified on the entry form, or for any long-haul events. Group 400.

 

204.02

When a long-haul event takes boats out into open water, all boats must carry or be fitted with the following safety equipment, and such other equipment as may be specified for a particular event, and where practical have each item marked with the boats race number:

One (1) designated righting rope. Rule 502.13.

One (1) designated bowline. Rule 502.14.

Two (2) kill switch keys, one of which must have a lanyard. Rule 504.09

Two (2) paddles, minimum length 650mm.

One (1) anchor rope of 25m x 8mm (additional use – towing).

One (1) safety sausage to be carried on the person of each competitor.

One (1) yellow or orange “V” sheet of 3 square meters.

 

205   PENALTIES FOR LACK OR LOSS OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT

 

All safety equipment as specified in the official Thundercat Racing Boat Examination Report for the specific discipline of racing must be carried at all times. Failure to do so will result in a ten (10) minute time penalty per item of equipment missing. For Surf-cross and Speed-circuit racing, a penalty of one (1) lap per item of equipment missing will be applied.

 

 

 

 

206   BOAT EXAMINATION

 

206.01

No boat shall be permitted to start in any heat or race until it has been scrutinized and the appropriate examination and indemnity forms have been signed off.

 

206.02

It is the driver and co-driver’s responsibility to have the boat and themselves ready for racing and at the pre-race scrutiny location at the time required in the race program.

 

206.03

The boat examination is primarily designed as a safety audit although hull and motor eligibility will be determined, and motor seals checked at National and Titled Events.

 

206.04

It shall remain the driver and/or the boat owner’s responsibility to ensure the boat is fit and seaworthy before racing and to decide whether or not to start in the race or to continue racing.

 

207   FLAGS

 

207.01

BLUE FLAG (Blue Peter). Prior to the start of a heat competitors will be notified preferably by loudspeaker, when they must immediately take the water. On this announcement the Blue Peter shall be raised for three minutes, or as the Starter may decide.

 

207.03

WAVING WHITE FLAG. The white flag being waved indicates that boats are entering the last lap of a heat or race.

 

207.04

GREEN FLAG. Before the start of the heat, or a race, the blue flag will be lowered and the green flag will be raised for at least fifteen (15) seconds. The official start of the heat, or race, will be given by dropping the green flag, at which time a horn may be sounded. The green flag shall only be used for starting and re-starting heats, or races.

 

 

 

207.05

CHEQUERED FLAG. The waving of a chequered flag will denote the finish of a heat, or race. The chequered flag will remain raised after the first competitor crosses the finish line to denote the finish of the heat, or race. The position of all following boats is to be recorded.

 

207.06

RED FLAG. This flag must be observed at ALL times. The display of a Red Flag from either the shore or from any Marshal Boat denotes the closing of the water. Competitors must cautiously return to their designated areas and await instructions. Failure to observe this procedure can incur a period of license suspension.

 

207.07

All competitors must acknowledge all flag signals by raising a hand to the official giving the signal. Failure to comply with this rule will render the competitor liable for penalties. The penalty is to be announced at Drivers Briefing.

 

208   STOPPED RACES

 

208.01

A race or heat shall be considered stopped when it is interrupted by the Racing Officials after the start. The stoppage of a race will be indicated by the display of the Red Flag.

 

208.02

A race will be stopped in the event of a blow over, roll, submarining, accident or other incident, which could endanger the safety of competitors, spectators or boats.

 

208.03

A race may be stopped in the event of a buoy sinking or drifting out of position.

 

208.04

Competitors responsible for a heat being stopped will not be permitted to compete in the re-start. Only competitors who were still racing at the time the race was stopped will be permitted to compete in the re-start.

 

208.05

Any competitor deemed to have been a third party and not at fault, subject to the RD’s discretion, will be allowed to restart.

 

209    MARSHAL BOATS

 

209.01

At all Thundercat Race Meetings there will be at least one Marshal Boat on the water and such boats must carry a green and a red Flag for display in terms of Rule 207.06, 207.07, 609.

 

209.02

Children under the age of 15 must not be allowed to officiate in any Marshal Boat or Start Boat during a Thundercat Race event

GROUP 300

 

301    FUEL

 

301.01

Fuel must be a commercially available grade of automobile fuel, to a maximum of 98 octane, which is freely available from any normal service station outlet i.e. from the pumps on any forecourt.

 

301.02

The driver may not withhold the type of fuel/oil used and the mixing ratio of fuel/oil if requested by race officials.

 

301.03

The Race Director has the right to inspect any competitor’s fuel at his/her discretion, and has the right to request a competitor to exchange their fuel for that of a nominated fuel supplier (petrol only). Failure by competitors to use the nominated supplier will result in disqualification from the event.

 

302   SPECIALTY FUELS & ADDITIVES

 

Special racing fuels, methanol, nitro methane, avgas, hydrazine and the likes thereof are expressly forbidden. The use of additives aimed at increasing the power of the motor is prohibited to either the fuel or the air intake. In addition the use of nitrous oxide injection units is also totally prohibited.

 

303   FUEL TANK 

 

Only approved manufactured fuel tanks or collapsible fuel cells are permissible.

 

304   NOMINATED FUEL SUPPY

 

At National or Titled Events, the organizers of the event reserve the right to use a nominated fuel supplier (petrol only). Failure by competitors to use the nominated supplier will result in disqualification from the event.

 

GROUP 400

 

401    PROPELLER GUARD

 

401.01

All inflatable boats racing in Surf-cross, and specified Speed-circuit events must have an approved propeller guard fitted to the outboard.

For specifications for propeller guards see APPENDIX C.

 

401.02

Guards with either missing rails, broken rails, or without all 5 attaching bolts being in effective use will be declared “unable to race”.

 

GROUP 500

 

501   CLASSES

 

“S-750” CLASS

Capacity                                  -    551cc to 750cc

Length                                     -    3.8 metres (minimum)

Width                                      -    1.7 metres (minimum)

Weight                                     -    75kgs (minimum)

 

“BANDIT” CLASS

Length                                     -    3.8 metres (minimum)

Width                                      -    1.7 metres (minimum)

Weight                                     -    75kgs (minimum)

Approved motors                    -     See Rule 507.01

          

*  All Classes shall be contested by a team comprising of a specifically

designated driver and co-driver.

 

**   Before a team can compete in the National Championships or any  Titled Events they must both hold A-grade licenses.

 

 

***  The above-mentioned weights apply to the dry weight of the boat, without any accessories, and without the motor. To reach the minimum weight ballast may be added. This must be screwed or bolted to the boat, but must not exceed 10% of the weight of the boat without ballast.

 

****  A motor of less than 551cc may not be re-bored so as to allow it to compete in the “S-750” Class.

 

***** A Class cannot be deleted without first giving one full season of notice to TRA-NZ Members via this Race Rule Book.

 

502   HULL

 

502.01 

Boats must conform to the model of the official catalogue of the manufacturer.

 

502.02

A minimum of two (2) boats must be built before homologation is requested. Rule 502.03.

 

502.03

Boats that take part in competitions must be listed in an official catalogue of the manufacturer. NZ Manufacturers must submit homologation papers for their boats to the TRC, in which they must furnish valid, audited proof that two (2) boats have been manufactured, been advertised and are commercially available in the open market to any person.

In the case of imported boats, imported after January 1999, proof must be submitted to the TRC the boats have been homologated in the country of origin, with audited proof that two (2) boats have been manufactured, been advertised and are commercially available in the open market to any person.

Boats not manufactured in NZ, and not homologated in their country of origin, may be homologated in NZ as per this rule.

All boats must comply with TRA-NZ rules 501 and 502.

 

502.04

Boats must be inflated only with atmospheric air, each individual pontoon must have two (2) independent compartments. The boat must be able to float even if one compartment is out of service. Flexible foam highjackers are allowed.

 

 

502.05

Boats with an inflated keel or rigid keel are allowed.  The keel must form part of or be associated with the floorboard units. Boats with a rigid underwater body made of glass resin or any other type of rigid underwater body are not allowed. At no point may the width of keel exceed 15% of the width of the boat.

 

502.06

The boat should be able to deflate, be collapsible, foldable or be able to be rolled up, so that no dismantled part has a length greater that one third (1/3) of the full length of the inflated boat excepting the floor boards whose largest individual piece must not exceed two thirds (2/3) of the total length of the floorboards.  Any suitable material may be used to manufacture floorboards.

 

502.07

The shape of the hull is free. The keel, inflatable or rigid, must extend along the whole floor length of the boat. No rigid element is to be attached or fixed to the underside of the keel. No materials other than air may be inserted in or attached to or placed between the floorboards and the keel. No adjustable wings or aerodynamic appendages are allowed.

 

502.08

Modifications above the waterline are allowed. A waterline is defined as the line taken when a boat is at rest in the water with no persons in the boat, but at full race trim with the motor fitted. The waterline will be deemed to be below the bottom of the transom.

 

502.09

A splash plate may be fitted to the back of the transom as long as it complies with Rule 502.08 and the following dimensions: if this plate runs the full length of the transom, i.e. from pontoon to pontoon, then the width of this plate is restricted to 100mm. If the width of this plate exceeds 100mm then its length is restricted to 150mm across the back of the transform, but may protrude as far back towards the motor as required.

 

502.10

No modifications below the water line are allowed.

 

502.11

Construction spray strakes are permitted anywhere on the outside of the highjacker cover.

 

502.12

Motors larger than the inflatable boat manufacturer’s recommended maximum horsepower rating at the time of hull manufacture will